When and why to use PSB

Interestingly, a healthy aquarium shouldn't require decomposing nitrate or nitrite directly. Here's why:

• The Nitrogen Cycle: A well-established aquarium has a biological process called the nitrogen cycle. Beneficial bacteria convert harmful ammonia from fish waste into nitrites, then into less harmful nitrates.
• Nitrates as Plant Food: Nitrates are not ideal for fish in high concentrations, but aquatic plants actually use them as a nutrient source for growth. So, healthy plants help keep nitrates in check.
• Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Shouldn't Occur: H2S is a dangerous gas in aquariums. However, it typically only arises in anoxic conditions, meaning areas completely devoid of oxygen. In a healthy aquarium with good water flow and surface agitation, oxygen reaches the gravel, preventing H2S from forming.

Signs Your Aquarium Might Have Nitrate Issues:

• High Nitrate Levels (Above 40 ppm): While some nitrates are okay, very high levels can stress fish and potentially lead to health problems. Regular water testing is key.
• Excessive Algae Growth: If there are too few plants or excess nutrients, algae can outcompete plants for nitrates, leading to an algae bloom.

How to Address Nitrate Issues:

• Water Changes: Regular water changes (around 25-50% weekly) dilute nitrate levels.
• Increase Plants: Adding more fast-growing nitrate-consuming plants helps keep nitrate levels in check.
• Reduce Feeding: Overfeeding contributes to more waste and higher nitrate levels. Adjust feeding based on your fish population.
• Products: DoPhin® #15 PSB Advanced Bio-Clean Formula for Crystal Clear Aquariums 200ml can be used in the prescribed amount to assist.

Remember: Maintaining good water flow and surface agitation ensures oxygen reaches the gravel, preventing H2S formation.

Here are some additional tips:

• Test Your Water Regularly: Monitor ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate levels to track your nitrogen cycle and identify potential problems early.
• Maintain a Clean Substrate: Regularly siphon your gravel during water changes to remove excess waste that can contribute to nitrate buildup.
• Choose the Right Fish: Consider stocking your tank with fish with a bioload (waste output) that your tank's filtration and plants can handle.

Remember: By following these practices, you can create a healthy aquarium environment where the nitrogen cycle functions efficiently, nitrates are managed through plants, and dangerous elements like H2S are prevented.